Addiction psychiatrists treat patients who have a psychological dependence on substances or behaviors such as drugs, gambling, food or other impulse control disorders.

Allergists and immunologists diagnose and treat allergies, asthma and immunologic and immunodeficiency disorders.

Anesthesiologists provide preoperative care and pain relief for surgical patients through the planning and administration of anesthetics.

Cardiac electrophysiologists specialize in the heart's electrical system, treating irregular heartbeats, or arrhythmias, and implanting pacemakers or defibrillators when necessary.

Cardiothoracic surgeons specialize in diseases of the chest (thorax) and perform operations on the lungs, esophagus and heart, including coronary artery bypass, aortic surgery, and surgeries for lung and esophageal cancer.

Cardiovascular disease specialists treat diseases of the heart and blood vessels such as atherosclerosis, heart valve problems, heart attack and stroke.

Cardiovascular surgeons perform operations on the heart and major blood vessels such as heart valve repair and replacement, coronary artery bypass, aneurysm repair and heart transplantation.

Child and adolescent psychiatrists treat mental illness in children, preteens and teenagers including emotional and behavioral disorders such as mood, anxiety and psychotic disorders, severe disruptive behavior and attempted suicide.

Colon and rectal surgeons, or colorectal surgeons, treat diseases of the intestines, rectum and anus, including diverticulitis, hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.

Critical care medicine specialists, or intensive care medicine specialists, diagnose and manage life-threatening conditions that require sophisticated organ support and invasive monitoring.

Dermatologists treat diseases affecting the skin, hair and nails, such as eczema, acne, psoriasis, nail infections and skin cancer.

Dermatopathologists specialize in the study of skin diseases at a microscopic and molecular level.

Diagnostic radiologists specialize in medical imaging modalities such as ultrasound, X-ray, fluoroscopy, mammography, CT and MRI in order to identify diseases.

Endocrinologists treat hormone imbalances and disorders of the endocrine system including Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis and thyroid cancer.

Family medicine doctors provide comprehensive care to patients of all ages, from infants and children to adults and seniors.

Foot and ankle orthopedic surgerons specialize in treating the lower extremeties, including arthroplasty of the foot and ankle, bunions and other foot problems.

Gastroenterologists treat conditions that affect the digestive system (stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder) such as heartburn, ulcers, hemorrhoids, IBS and cancer.

General surgeons provide surgical treatment of conditions affecting various parts of the body, including the abdomen, skin and soft tissue, the endocrine system, the head and neck, and the vascular system.

Bariatric surgeons perform weight-loss surgery to treat obesity through procedures such as gastric bypass, vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Lap-Band surgery.

Geriatric medicine doctors specialize in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease and disability in elderly adults.

Geriatric psychiatrists treat mental health disorders of the elderly such as depression, anxiety, dementia, addiction and schizophrenia.

Gynecologic oncologists treat cancers of the female reproductive system, including vaginal, cervical, vulvar, uterine and ovarian cancers.

Gynecologists (not obstetricians) treat disorders of the female reproductive system such as uterine or vaginal infections and fertility problems, as well as perform pap smears, tubal ligations and hysterectomies.

Hand and upper extremity orthopedic specialists treat conditions of the hand, wrist and forearm such as arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome and tennis elbow.

Plastic surgeons who specialize in hand surgery.

Hematologists/oncologists specialize in the treatment of blood diseases and cancers including hemophilia, leukemia, lymphoma and sickle-cell anemia.

Infectious disease specialists treat contagious diseases and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

Internal medicine doctors are primary care physicians who focus on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of conditions, diseases and injuries in adults.

HIV treatment specialists diagnosis and treat patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

Interventional cardiologists treat cardiovascular disease, as well as congenital and structural heart conditions, through cardiac catheter procedures such as angioplasty and stenting.

Interventional neuroradiologists utilize minimally invasive image-based technologies to diagnose and treat diseases of the head, neck and spine.

Interventional radiologists utilize imaging technologies, such as ultrasound, X-ray, CT and MRI, to diagnose and treat diseases.

Maternal fetal medicine specialists treat women with high-risk or complicated pregnancies.

Nephrologists specialize in kidney care and treating diseases of the kidneys.

Neuro-ophthalmologists treat visual problems related to the nervous system such as visual field loss, double vision and eyelid abnormalities.

Neurological surgeons perform surgical treatment for disorders involving the brain and nervous system such as aneurysms and brain or spinal tumors.

Neurologists treat of disorders of the brain and nervous system including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy.

Neurophysiologists diagnose diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems through diagnostic testing of bioelectrical activity such as electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG).

Obstetricians/gynecologists (OBGYNs) specialize in women's overall reproductive health, including pregnancy and childbirth. They provide care for women from menstruation through childbirth and menopause.

Occupational medicine doctors practice the prevention and treatment of work-related injury, disability and illness.

Ophthalmologists diagnose and treat diseases of the eyes, prescribe medications and perform eye surgery. They also conduct eye exams and write prescriptions for eyeglasses and contact lenses.

Optometrists examine eyes for both vision and health problems and correct refractive errors by prescribing eyeglasses and contact lenses.

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons provide surgical treatment for conditions, diseases and injuries of the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the mouth and skull.

Orthopedic surgeons treat diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles and nerves.

Orthopedic surgeons who specialize in trauma treat fractures and other bone, joint and spine injuries.

Orthopedic surgeons treat diseases and injuries of the musculoskeletal system including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles and nerves.

Otolaryngologists (ENT doctors) provide medical and surgical treatment of diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat, head and neck.

Pain management doctors specialize in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of acute and chronic pain caused by a wide range of diseases and disorders.

Pediatricians manage the physical, behavioral and mental health care of children from minor health issues to serious diseases.

Pediatric cardiologists treat heart disorders in children from fetuses to young adults.

Pediatric dermatologists provide medical care for disorders of the skin, hair and nails in children, including contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, vitiligo, hives, warts and congenital skin disorders.

Pediatric endocrinologists diagnose, treat and manage hormonal disorders in children such as growth problems, underactive or overactive thyroid gland, obesity and diabetes.

Pediatric infectious disease specialists diagnose and treat children with contagious diseases and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

Pediatric neurologists diagnose and treat disorders of the brain and nervous system in children, including epilepsy, cerebral palsy and ADHD.

Pediatric orthopedic specialists treat conditions and injuries involving the bones and musculoskeletal system in children, including club foot, scoliosis, limping and bone and joint infections.

Pediatric otolaryngologists (ENT doctors) provide medical and surgical treatment for children with disorders of the ear, nose, throat, head and neck.

Pediatric otorhinolaryngologists (ENT doctors) provide medical and surgical treatment for children with disorders of the ear, nose, throat, head and neck.

Pediatric pulmonologists diagnose and treat breathing problems and lung diseases in children, including asthma, cystic fibrosis and apnea.

Pediatric surgeons provide surgical treatment for fetuses, infants, children, adolescents and young adults.

Physical medicine/rehab doctors, also known as physiatrists, treat a wide variety of medical conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, nerves, bones, joints, ligaments, muscles and tendons, in order to restore physical abilities.

Plastic surgeons perform operations to reconstruct or enhance facial and body tissue.

Podiatrists treat disorders of the foot, ankle and lower leg, including sprains and fractures, bunions, heel spurs, ingrown toenails, corns and calluses.

Psychiatrists diagnose and treat mental, emotional and behavioral disorders.

Pulmonary disease specialists diagnose and treat diseases of the lungs and airways such as asthma, sleep apnea, COPD and cystic fibrosis.

Radiation oncologists treat cancer using radiation therapy.

Reproductive endocrinologists/infertility specialists diagnose and treat infertility related to hormone dysfunction.

Rheumatologists treat inflammation and pain in the joints, muscles and connective tissue caused by autoimmune diseases and musculoskeletal pain disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, lupus, osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and tendonitis.

Sleep medicine specialists diagnose and treat a variety of sleep-related conditions, including excessive snoring, sleep apnea, insomnia, narcolepsy and circadian rhythm disorders.

Orthopedic surgeons who specialize in spine treatment manage neck pain, scoliosis, and other spine disorders with vertebroplasty and other spine surgeries.

Sports medicine doctors specialize in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of injuries from athletic activities.

Surgical critical care specialists treat acute, life-threatening or potentially life-threatening surgical conditions.

Surgical oncologists specialize in the surgical treatment of cancers.

Thoracic surgeons specialize in the surgical treatment of injuries, diseases and congenital abnormalities of the chest, including the heart, blood vessels, lungs, esophagus and diaphragm.

Transplant hepatologists perform liver transplant surgery to treat liver disease or failure.

Urologists specialize in diseases of the both the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive system.

Vascular surgeons treat diseases that affect the arteries, veins, and lymphatic systems, including stroke and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).