Heart valve surgery

Depending on the type and severity of your heart valve disease and your age and overall health, surgery can be a great option. Our multidisciplinary team — including cardiologists, heart surgeons, intensivists, nurses, social workers, rehabilitation therapists and dietitians — will tailor a treatment specific to your condition.

Medications are available to help avoid further damage to heart valves, and may help in the beginning stages of valve disease but can become less effective as the disease progresses. Surgery is often most effective when performed before symptoms even begin.

Most valve disease will progress and eventually require surgery. In the early stages of the disease, you may be able to manage your symptoms with medications, but surgery is the most effective treatment.

We offer minimally invasive valve surgery options that require smaller incisions, less downtime and less discomfort after surgery.

The longevity of your valve repair or replacement will depend on several factors: your health at the time of surgery, the type of surgical treatment you undergo and how well you take care of yourself after the surgery. In a few patients, valve repair does not stop the progression of valve disease and further surgery may be necessary. Mechanical valves rarely wear out, but occasionally they may need to be replaced if a blood clot, infection or a growth of tissue interferes with their function. Biological valves may wear out and need to be replaced, particularly when they are implanted in younger patients.

At Sharp Memorial Hospital, our experienced team performs more than 100 heart valve surgeries each year, but even in the most experienced hands there are risks involved with any type of surgery. Your surgical risks are related to your age, the presence of other medical conditions and the number of procedures you undergo during a single operation. It's best to ask your doctor about your particular risks before deciding to undergo surgery.

The need for anticoagulant medications after surgery varies from patient to patient. Patients receiving a mechanical heart valve must take anticoagulants for the rest of their lives. Patients receiving biological valves may only need to take anticoagulants for several weeks after surgery, or they may not need to take them at all.

However, other conditions associated with valve disease are also sometimes treated with anticoagulants. These conditions include an enlarged heart, irregular heartbeats, a weakened heart and a history of blood clots. Because anticoagulant medications delay clotting time, patients with bleeding problems, such as ulcers, may need to be especially careful when taking these medications. Moderate to heavy bleeding from any cause also needs to be taken seriously and treated promptly. Also, alcohol consumption and dietary factors can affect how well the medication works. Many patients are required to change their eating habits and may need to follow very restricted diets.

Anticoagulant therapy requires taking a pill once a day without fail — and periodically having a blood test, usually at least once a month. These medications have few, if any, side effects, protect against heart attack and stroke and generally do not disrupt the lives of the patients who take them.