PCOS is now PMOS: Here’s why

In May, dozens of global medical organizations announced that PMOS (polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome) would be the new name for what has been known as PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome). The condition affects about 1 in 8 women worldwide.

The name change reflects a growing understanding that this lifelong condition is a whole-body syndrome that affects metabolic, cardiovascular, mental and reproductive health — not just fertility or ovarian health.

“Our understanding of PCOS has evolved, and the former name caused confusion, leading women to believe it was associated with painful ovarian cysts, which wasn’t accurate,” says Dr. Lisa Johnston, chief medical officer of Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women & Newborns. “We now recognize it as a condition that influences multiple body systems, not just reproductive health. The updated name emphasizes treating the whole person and the full scope of the disease.”

According to Dr. Johnston, PMOS is associated with symptoms that fall into four main categories: reproductive, hormonal, metabolic and mental health. These may include:

• Insulin resistance

• Type 2 diabetes risk

• Cardiovascular disease

• Weight gain

• Excess facial hair growth

• Hair loss

• Acne

• Irregular or infrequent periods

• Infertility due to the absence of ovulation (anovulation)

• Increased risk of anxiety and depression

“This condition can affect a person's emotional well-being as much as their physical health,” Dr. Johnston says. “Many people feel overwhelmed by symptoms that seem unpredictable or difficult to manage, which can take a significant toll on quality of life.”

Treating PMOS

While there is no cure for PMOS, symptoms can often be managed effectively. Dr. Johnston recommends that women talk with their doctor if they are experiencing signs or symptoms of the condition. A care provider may order bloodwork and an ultrasound.

A diagnosis is generally made when two of the following three criteria are present and other possible causes have been ruled out:

1. Irregular and infrequent menstrual cycles (oligomenorrhea)

2. Evidence of high androgens (male-type hormones)

3. A ring of small ovarian follicles around the outer edge of the ovary, often referred to as a “string of pearls” appearance on ultrasound

Dr. Johnston shares that healthy lifestyle changes can be instrumental in improving the effects of the condition. From regular physical activity and balanced nutrition to healthy weight management and sleep optimization, PMOS can be effectively managed, she says. Even moderate weight loss can improve symptoms and boost ovulation in many patients.

In some cases, a doctor may prescribe medications, which could include hormone therapy, metformin to improve insulin resistance and blood sugar control, spironolactone to reduce excess hair growth, and fertility medications.

“Although PMOS is a lifelong condition, there are many effective ways to manage it,” Dr. Johnston says. “Through healthy lifestyle choices, appropriate treatment and regular care, women can feel well and achieve their health goals.”

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